Topic 1: Exam Pool A
A bicycle sharing company is developing a multi-tier architecture to track the location of its bicycles during peak operating hours The company wants to use these data points in its existing analytics platform A solutions architect must determine the most viable multi-tier option to support this architecture The data points must be accessible from the REST API.
Which action meets these requirements for storing and retrieving location data?
A. Use Amazon Athena with Amazon S3
B. Use Amazon API Gateway with AWS Lambda
C. Use Amazon QuickSight with Amazon Redshift.
D. Use Amazon API Gateway with Amazon Kinesis Data Analytics
An image hosting company uploads its large assets to Amazon S3 Standard buckets The company uses multipart upload in parallel by using S3 APIs and overwrites if the same object is uploaded again. For the first 30 days after upload, the objects will be accessed frequently. The objects will be used less frequently after 30 days, but the access patterns for each object will be inconsistent The company must optimize its S3 storage costs while maintaining high availability and resiliency of stored assets. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)
A. Move assets to S3 Intelligent-Tiering after 30 days.
B. Configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to clean up incomplete multipart uploads.
C. Configure an S3 Lifecycle policy to clean up expired object delete markers.
D. Move assets to S3 Standard-Infrequent Access (S3 Standard-IA) after 30 days
E. Move assets to S3 One Zone-Infrequent Access (S3 One Zone-IA) after 30 days.
Explanation: S3 Intelligent-Tiering is a storage class that automatically moves data to the most cost-effective access tier based on access frequency, without performance impact, retrieval fees, or operational overhead1. It is ideal for data with unknown or changing access patterns, such as the company’s assets. By moving assets to S3 Intelligent-Tiering after 30 days, the company can optimize its storage costs while maintaining high availability and resilience of stored assets. S3 Lifecycle is a feature that enables you to manage your objects so that they are stored cost effectively throughout their lifecycle2. You can create lifecycle rules to define actions that Amazon S3 applies to a group of objects. One of the actions is to abort incomplete multipart uploads that can occur when an upload is interrupted. By configuring an S3 Lifecycle policy to clean up incomplete multipart uploads, the company can reduce its storage costs and avoid paying for parts that are not used. Option C is incorrect because expired object delete markers are automatically deleted by Amazon S3 and do not incur any storage costs3. Therefore, configuring an S3 Lifecycle policy to clean up expired object delete markers will not have any effect on the company’s storage costs. Option D is incorrect because S3 Standard-IA is a storage class for data that is accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access when needed1. It has a lower storage cost than S3 Standard, but it has a higher retrieval cost and a minimum storage duration charge of 30 days. Therefore, moving assets to S3 Standard-IA after 30 days may not optimize the company’s storage costs if the assets are still accessed occasionally. Option E is incorrect because S3 One Zone-IA is a storage class for data that is accessed less frequently, but requires rapid access when needed1. It has a lower storage cost than S3 Standard-IA, but it stores data in only one Availability Zone and has less resilience than other storage classes. It also has a higher retrieval cost and a minimum storage duration charge of 30 days. Therefore, moving assets to S3 One Zone-IA after 30 days may not optimize the company’s storage costs if the assets are still accessed occasionally or require high availability.
A company has a web application for travel ticketing. The application is based on a database that runs in a single data center in North America. The company wants to expand the application to serve a global user base. The company needs to deploy the application to multiple AWS Regions. Average latency must be less than 1 second on updates to the reservation database. The company wants to have separate deployments of its web platform across multiple Regions. However the company must maintain a single primary reservation database that is globally consistent. Which solution should a solutions architect recommend to meet these requirements?
A. Convert the application to use Amazon DynamoDB. Use a global table for the center reservation table. Use the correct Regional endpoint in each Regional deployment.
B. Migrate the database to an Amazon Aurora MySQL database. Deploy Aurora Read Replicas in each Region. Use the correct Regional endpoint in each Regional deployment for access to the database.
C. Migrate the database to an Amazon RDS for MySQL database Deploy MySQL read replicas in each Region. Use the correct Regional endpoint in each Regional deployment for access to the database.
D. Migrate the application to an Amazon Aurora Serverless database. Deploy instances of the database to each Region. Use the correct Regional endpoint in each Regional deployment to access the database. Use AWS Lambda functions to process event streams in each Region to synchronize the databases.
An application runs on an Amazon EC2 instance in a VPC. The application processes logs that are stored in an Amazon S3 bucket. The EC2 instance needs to access the S3 bucket without connectivity to the internet.
Which solution will provide private network connectivity to Amazon S3?
A. Create a gateway VPC endpoint to the S3 bucket.
B. Stream the logs to Amazon CloudWatch Logs. Export the logs to the S3 bucket.
C. Create an instance profile on Amazon EC2 to allow S3 access.
D. Create an Amazon API Gateway API with a private link to access the S3 endpoint.
Explanation: VPC endpoint allows you to connect to AWS services using a private network instead of using the public Internet
A company has data collection sensors at different locations. The data collection sensors stream a high volume of data to the company. The company wants to design a platform on AWS to ingest and process high-volume streaming data. The solution must be scalable and support data collection in near real time. The company must store the data in Amazon S3 for future reporting. Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?
A. Use Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose to deliver streaming data to Amazon S3.
B. Use AWS Glue to deliver streaming data to Amazon S3.
C. Use AWS Lambda to deliver streaming data and store the data to Amazon S3.
D. Use AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) to deliver streaming data to Amazon S3.
Explanation: To ingest and process high-volume streaming data with the least operational overhead, Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose is a suitable solution. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose can capture, transform, and deliver streaming data to Amazon S3 or other destinations. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose can scale automatically to match the throughput of the data and handle any amount of data. Amazon Kinesis Data Firehose is also a fully managed service that does not require any servers to provision or manage.
A company hosts an internal serverless application on AWS by using Amazon API Gateway and AWS Lambda. The company's employees report issues with high latency when they begin using the application each day. The company wants to reduce latency. Which solution will meet these requirements?
A. Increase the API Gateway throttling limit.
B. Set up a scheduled scaling to increase Lambda provisioned concurrency before employees begin to use the application each day.
C. Create an Amazon CloudWatch alarm to initiate a Lambda function as a target for the alarm at the beginning of each day.
D. Increase the Lambda function memory.
Explanation: AWS Lambda is a serverless compute service that lets you run code without provisioning or managing servers. Lambda scales automatically based on the incoming requests, but it may take some time to initialize new instances of your function if there is a sudden increase in demand. This may result in high latency or cold starts for your application. To avoid this, you can use provisioned concurrency, which ensures that your function is initialized and ready to respond at any time. You can also set up a scheduled scaling policy that increases the provisioned concurrency before employees begin to use the application each day, and decreases it when the demand is low. References: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/lambda/latest/dg/configuration-concurrency.html
A company runs a website that uses a content management system (CMS) on Amazon EC2. The CMS runs on a single EC2 instance and uses an Amazon Aurora MySQL Multi- AZ DB instance for the data tier. Website images are stored on an Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volume that is mounted inside the EC2 instance. Which combination of actions should a solutions architect take to improve the performance and resilience of the website? (Select TWO.)
A. Move the website images into an Amazon S3 bucket that is mounted on every EC2 instance.
B. Share the website images by using an NFS share from the primary EC2 instance. Mount this share on the other EC2 instances.
C. Move the website images onto an Amazon Elastic File System (Amazon EFS) file system that is mounted on every EC2 instance.
D. Create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) from the existing EC2 instance Use the AMI to provision new instances behind an Application Load Balancer as part of an Auto Scaling group. Configure the Auto Scaling group to maintain a minimum of two instances. Configure an accelerator in AWS Global Accelerator for the website.
E. Create an Amazon Machine Image (AMI) from the existing EC2 instance. Use the AMI to provision new instances behind an Application Load Balancer as part of an Auto Scaling group. Configure the Auto Scaling group to maintain a minimum of two instances. Configure an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the website.
Explanation: Option C provides moving the website images onto an Amazon EFS file system that is mounted on every EC2 instance. Amazon EFS provides a scalable and fully managed file storage solution that can be accessed concurrently from multiple EC2 instances. This ensures that the website images can be accessed efficiently and consistently by all instances, improving performance In Option E The Auto Scaling group maintains a minimum of two instances, ensuring resilience by automatically replacing any unhealthy instances. Additionally, configuring an Amazon CloudFront distribution for the website further improves performance by caching content at edge locations closer to the end-users, reducing latency and improving content delivery. Hence combining these actions, the website's performance is improved through efficient image storage and content delivery.
A solutions architect is designing a VPC with public and private subnets. The VPC and subnets use IPv4 CIDR blocks. There is one public subnet and one private subnet in each of three Availability Zones (AZs) for high availability. An internet gateway is used to provide internet access for the public subnets. The private subnets require access to the internet to allow Amazon EC2 instances to download software updates.
What should the solutions architect do to enable Internet access for the private subnets?
A. Create three NAT gateways, one for each public subnet in each AZ. Create a private route table for each AZ that forwards non-VPC traffic to the NAT gateway in its AZ.
B. Create three NAT instances, one for each private subnet in each AZ. Create a private route table for each AZ that forwards non-VPC traffic to the NAT instance in its AZ.
C. Create a second internet gateway on one of the private subnets. Update the route table for the private subnets that forward non-VPC traffic to the private internet gateway.
D. Create an egress-only internet gateway on one of the public subnets. Update the route table for the private subnets that forward non-VPC traffic to the egress- only internet gateway.
A company runs an application using Amazon ECS. The application creates resized versions of an original image and then makes Amazon S3 API calls to store the resized images in Amazon S3. How can a solutions architect ensure that the application has permission to access Amazon $3?
A. Update the S3 role in AWS IAM to allow read/write access from Amazon ECS, and then relaunch the container.
B. Create an IAM role with S3 permissions, and then specify that role as the taskRoleArn in the task definition.
C. Create a security group that allows access from Amazon ECS to Amazon $3, and update the launch configuration used by the ECS cluster.
D. Create an IAM user with S3 permissions, and then relaunch the Amazon EC2 instances for the ECS cluster while logged in as this account.
Explanation: This answer is correct because it allows the application to access Amazon S3 by using an IAM role that is associated with the ECS task. The task role grants permissions to the containers running in the task, and can be used to make AWS API calls from the application code. The taskRoleArn is a parameter in the task definition that specifies the IAM role to use for the task.
A recent analysis of a company's IT expenses highlights the need to reduce backup costs. The company's chief information officer wants to simplify the on- premises backup infrastructure and reduce costs by eliminating the use of physical backup tapes. The company must preserve the existing investment in the on- premises backup applications and workflows. What should a solutions architect recommend?
A. Set up AWS Storage Gateway to connect with the backup applications using the NFS interface.
B. Set up an Amazon EFS file system that connects with the backup applications using the NFS interface.
C. Set up an Amazon EFS file system that connects with the backup applications using the iSCSI interface.
D. Set up AWS Storage Gateway to connect with the backup applications using the iSCSI- virtual tape library (VTL) interface.
Explanation: it allows the company to simplify the on-premises backup infrastructure and reduce costs by eliminating the use of physical backup tapes. By setting up AWS Storage Gateway to connect with the backup applications using the iSCSI-virtual tape library (VTL) interface, the company can store backup data on virtual tapes in S3 or Glacier. This preserves the existing investment in the on-premises backup applications and workflows while leveraging AWS storage services.
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